12个单元音的音标如下：/ɑ://ɔ://ɜ://i://u://ʌ//ɒ//ə//ɪ//ʊ//e//æ/
发音时舌位、唇形、开口度始终不变的元音叫单元音。单元音发音时可按舌面隆起的位置分为前元音，后元音和中元音三类。发前元音时舌的最高点在口腔的前部；发后元音时，舌的最高点在口腔的后部；发中元音时舌的最高点在口腔的中部。
扩展资料：以英语元音为例分为：
1、前元音:[i:][i][e][æ]
2、中元音:[ʌ][ə:][ə]
3、后元音:[ɔ][ɔ:][u:][u][a:]
气对应的英文为：
[i:]sea,he,see,piece,ceiling,street,beef,these,week,meat,agree
[ɪ]sit,build,miss,myth,palace,between,if,give,busy,gym
[e]bed,desk,head,anything,many,again,special,heavy,weather,whether,friendly
[æ]bad,land,bank,stamp,pal,Canada,taxi
[a:]car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt
[ɔ]hot,want,wallet,wash,what
[ɔ:]door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught
[u:]who,blue,soup,
[u]look,put,women,could，good
[ʌ]cup,come,blood,rough
[ə:]girl,work,serve,nurse
[ə]cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday
